The affects of children raised by homosexual parents Research Paper

The affects of children raised by homosexual parents - Research Paper Example This is because many cultures do not view the homosexual lifestyle as ethical and thus feel that children who are adopted by homosexual parents are likely to be subjected to abuses of different kinds. The principle argument against gay parenting is focused on the assertion that marriage is principally a dual-gendered institution which has the ability to naturally procreate. Marriage is the sole institution that is tasked with producing human capital for the coming generations. Same-sex parents cannot naturally produce children. This is an obvious indication; according to many opponents of gay parenting those children who are adopted by same sex parents are likely to suffer emotionally and physically, in some cases. This will happen because gay parents do not have the skills necessary to bring up well adjusted children who will benefit humankind. Statistics According to Regnerus (2012) more same sex couples are able to adopt children today than was the case in the past Owing to the ra tification of laws, mainly in developed nations, which recognize the rights of same sex parents. In America alone, it is estimated that 65, 500 children have been adopted into same sex unions. California has the largest number of same sex couples (16, 000) who have adopted children. According to Brodzinsky and Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute (2011) foreign born adopted children are more likely to end up in same sex unions than American children. The Development of Children raised by Homosexual Parents Identity There are many studies that have been conducted on the issues and concerns that face children who are raised by homosexual parents. From these studies, it is evident that the most important factor has to do with identity. According to Wainright, Russell and Patterson (2004) children raised by homosexual parents, particularly if they were adopted and not the result of artificial insemination, tend to have more emotional challenges than those raised by heterosexual parents. While there are larger percentages of emotional disturbances among people with homosexual lifestyles, and this inadvertently affects any children they adopt, the main cause of turmoil in their children is likely to be Owing to identity issues, according to (Wainright, Russell and Patterson, 2004). Any adopted child requires a family with a mother and father more than children who were not adopted. The child will innately desire to identify with an institution that basically reflects the two people that gave him or her life. Being adopted by homosexual parents can result in more trauma other than that of abandonment because the child also has to deal with the incident of being in a family that is unlike that of his original parents. As far as the child can see, he or she has no has no biological chain. An adopted child already suffers from the wound of abandonment. Being put in a home with homosexual parents adds the responsibility of the child being forced to adapt to the affective life style choices of the adoptive parents. Any child who is given to national organizations for adoptive purposes has been separated from his or her primary caregiver- his mother. This, alone, could result in the incidence of attachment disorders. The attachment to a singular maternal individual in the first eight months of life is vital in the psychological development of any human being. Bringing up a

Cooperative Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cooperative Group - Essay Example In the European Union and in large regions of America, cooperatives, with associations, foundations and mutual funds are considered parts of the social economy. The International Cooperative Alliance, established in 1895, is considered to be the final authority for defining cooperatives and the principles by which they operate. The organization has made three formal statements of cooperative principles over the past 100 years in an effort to keep them relevant to the contemporary world. At its 100th anniversary meeting in September, 1995 in Manchester, England, the Alliance adopted the "Statement of Cooperative Identity." which made the definition, values and principles of cooperatives. Definition: cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically controlled enterprise. Values are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, and solidarity. In the tradition of their founders, cooperative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility, and caring for others. Principles: Voluntary and Open Membership, Democratic Member Control, Member Economic Participation, Autonomy and Independence, Education, Training and Information, Cooperation among Cooperatives, Concern for Community (Statement of Cooperative Identity 1995) 2. A critical analysis of the organisation's internal structure Like any organization, cooperative has own structure, which may various from number of its members and the area of activity the co-op involved. There are tree main components of internal structure of cooperation: the Board, Management and Members. The rights, duties and coordination of work of governing team are reflected in scheme, which where adopted from the work of Garoyan and Mohn (1976 cited Cooperatives 2006): BOARD MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTABIITY To Members To Board AREAS OF CONCERN Idea Decision , Judge Ends/Purpose Action Decisions, Manage Means/Activities COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES Determine Values Long-Range, Consequestial Set limits, Monitor Intermediate and Short-Range Organize and Control Resources GOALS, POLICIES Determine Implement MANAGEMENT EVALUATION Set Policies Regarding Results to be Achieved and Limitations on Activities Monitor Progress Toward Results Monitor Compliance with Limits Provide Information for Monitoring OPERATIONS Determine Values and Goals Set Limits Monitor Conduct PERPETUATION Assurance of Capable Management and Board Succession Support, Participate BOARD PROCESS Determine Structure, Behavior, Performance Evaluation, Calendar and Agenda None Board of directors by law is legally responsible for cooperative and it's critical that all directors are highly qualified. Furthermore, directors of board need to represent the cooperative membership as a whole. (Cropp 2005) 3. A critical analysis of the organisation's objectives and/or strategy plans Jeffrey Royer (2002, p.12) from University of Nebraska noted that "because cooperatives are complex definition organization, that served to wide variety of purposes, and perform the wide variety of functions, there is no single objective, , that is accepted by board, management and members. A cooperative may pursue the number of objectives